Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, vol.56, no.4, pp.305-319, 2022 (SCI-Expanded, SSCI, Scopus)
The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is a theoretical concept that explains the association between income and environmental degradation. Prior research assessed the current association using a constant parameter. Nonetheless, as a result of political and global economic conditions changes, implemented policies, technological shocks, and natural disasters, the linkage between economic growth and CO2 emissions is about to change. Thus, this research assesses the economic growth-emission nexus for MINT nations—Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey—between 1960 and 2019 utilizing a novel approach: bootstrap panel rolling window causality. In this sense, rather than assuming an unchanging parameter, this method is beneficial for deciding the relationship between income and CO2 emissions level in sub-sample cycles, and it catches the invisible causal linkages between environmental pollution and economic growth. Based on the results, policy implications are suggested.