Assessing the eco-effectiveness of energy R&D technologies and environmental patents: A comparison between Portugal and Spain
Sustainable Futures, vol.8, 2024 (Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Article
- Volume: 8
- Publication Date: 2024
- Doi Number: 10.1016/j.sftr.2024.100352
- Journal Name: Sustainable Futures
- Journal Indexes: Scopus
- Keywords: Carbon emissions, EKC, Energy R&D expenditures, Environmental patents, LCC
- Open Archive Collection: Article
- Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC) Affiliated: No
Abstract
The validity of environmental hypotheses is important for the implications of a sustainable future. In this context, this study investigates the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and the load capacity curve (LCC) for Portugal and Spain. Employing the Fourier-ADL approach from 1983 to 2020, the study concludes that the EKC and LCC hypotheses are valid for both countries, that environmental patents improve ecological quality, but that energy-related R&D expenditures have no significant impact. The findings underline the need to support environmental patents with income growth to ensure a sustainable future.