İnnovasiya inkişafına fiskal dəstək mexanizminin hüquqi əsaslarının təkmilləşdirilməsi

The article, based on theoretical perspectives and statistical data, substantiates the special importance of innovation activity under very complex geopolitical and geoeconomic conditions. In the article, fiscal policy is characterized as one of the mechanisms for stimulating innovation activity, and its encouraging role is examined from different viewpoints. This statement is also supported by an analysis of foreign experience, particularly that of the United States and the European Union. The article shows that one of the main vectors of innovation-oriented fiscal policy is budgetary subsidization of the R&D sector. However, it is noted that this issue has been extensively studied from multiple angles, and therefore no detailed analysis on this specific direction is provided. The importance of an effective legal framework in forming an efficient fiscal policy is substantiated using examples from tax legislation, and an analysis is conducted in these areas. It is shown that comprehensive tax incentives are applied to corporate income taxes, which have a highly positive and stimulating impact on innovation progress. It is proposed that part of capital expenditures on scientific and technological development be considered deductible expenses. The article also proposes reducing depreciation rates for buildings and structures, and increasing depreciation rates up to 30% for equipment used in the scientific research sector. It is suggested to partially apply elements of Western fiscal policy implemented in the 1950s–1970s.