Akademik Məlumat İdarəetmə Sistemi
Gondwana Research, vol.148, pp.1-12, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Growing concerns about climate change have emphasized the need for sustainable development practices, particularly in highly industrialized areas. Given that, this study explores the distinguishing factors that may play a vital role in policies to reach the SDGs. Therefore, examines the impact of the energy transition, trade globalization, energy intensity, and foreign direct investment on CO2 emissions in T-MEC countries from 1990 to 2022. The study applies novel econometric approaches, including CS-ARDL and robustness checks through FMOLS and DOLS. Also, Dumitrescu Hurlin (2012) Panel Causality test is adopted to identify causal associations among the study variables. The study shows that energy transition, trade globalization, and foreign direct investment contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions in the short and long term. Moreover, the causality test confirms the bidirectional association between trade globalization, energy intensity, and CO2 emissions, while the unidirectional causality is found between CO2 emissions and energy transition. These findings are consistent with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7: Affordable Clean Energy and SDG 13: Climate Action. They emphasize the importance of adopting and exhausting clean energy, and climate change, policymakers should focus on these areas to ensure environmental sustainability through economic development.