Thermal regulation and hemodynamic responses of nanoparticle-enriched blood flow in a partially occluded multiple-stenosed artery
Nano-Structures and Nano-Objects, vol.46, 2026 (Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Article
- Volume: 46
- Publication Date: 2026
- Doi Number: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101655
- Journal Name: Nano-Structures and Nano-Objects
- Journal Indexes: Scopus
- Keywords: Arterial wall shear stress, Electroosmosis force, Heat transfer, Multiple stenotic artery, Trihybrid nanoparticles
- Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC) Affiliated: No
Abstract
Nanoparticle-enriched blood, referred to nanoblood, has attracted significant attention in medical science due to its applications for improving heat transfer, regulating blood flow characteristics, and enhancing targeted drug delivery in diseased arteries. In particular, the incorporation of nanoparticles such as gold, silver, and copper can modify blood viscosity, velocity profiles, arterial wall shear stress, pressure gradient and temperature, which are critical factors in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, including stenosis and atherosclerosis. The objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model to investigate the effects of suspending gold, silver, and copper nanoparticles in blood flowing through a multiple-stenosed artery under the influence of magnetic field, Joule heating, thermal radiation, and electroosmotic force. The modified Navier–Stokes equations are employed to describe the continuity, momentum, and energy transport, while the non-Newtonian nature of blood is formulated using the Casson fluid model. By applying appropriate physical assumptions and non-dimensional variables, the governing equations are simplified and solved using the Frobenius method and homotopy perturbation technique. It is observed that gold/blood flow exhibits the lowest arterial wall shear stress magnitude when compared with (gold–silver)/blood and (gold–silver–copper)/blood flows. Furthermore, the nanoblood velocity along the z-direction increases with the increasing height of stenoses. In the center of artery (r=0), rising values of electroosmosis parameter from 1 to 4 results in 3.81%,2.29%, and 1.09% rise in (Au–Ag–Cu)/blood temperature at z=2.25,z=3, and z=4.5 (peak of stenoses), respectively. Results of this study offer valuable insights into the behavior of blood flow in stenotic arteries in the presence of nanoparticles, which is of significant importance in disease treatment and biomedical applications.