The effects of tourism and globalization over environmental degradation in developed countries
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol.27, no.7, pp.7130-7144, 2020 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Article
- Volume: 27 Issue: 7
- Publication Date: 2020
- Doi Number: 10.1007/s11356-019-07372-4
- Journal Name: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, IBZ Online, ABI/INFORM, Aerospace Database, Agricultural & Environmental Science Database, Aqualine, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, EMBASE, Environment Index, Geobase, MEDLINE, Pollution Abstracts, Veterinary Science Database, Civil Engineering Abstracts
- Page Numbers: pp.7130-7144
- Keywords: CO2 emissions, Economic growth, Energy, Globalization, Tourism
- Open Archive Collection: Article
- Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC) Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
This paper focuses on long-term evidence on economic growth, international tourism, globalization, energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in OECD countries for the period of 1994–2014. The empirical analysis reveals that climate change is magnified by energy use, tourism and economic growth. An inverted U-shaped relationship is also found between international tourism and CO2 emissions. The contribution of international tourism to climate change in the early stages of development is thus diminished by globalization in the later stages. In other words, globalization appears to reduce carbon emissions from international tourism. The empirical results provide additional arguments for shaping regulatory frameworks aimed at reversing the current energy mix in OECD countries by facilitating energy efficiency and promoting renewable sources.