Akademik Məlumat İdarəetmə Sistemi
Gondwana Research, vol.139, pp.148-165, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
This study examined the relationship between Land Surface Temperature and various spectral indices in Dera Ghazi Khan division of Pakistan to assess landscape characteristics and ecological health. This study used satellite images to detect temperature variation and urbanization-influenced land cover patterns using remote sensing data during 2013–2023. Estimated results revealed that Land Surface Temperature was significantly linked with spectral indices over the study’ period. The results showed a continuous increase in urban intensity contributing to an increase in surface temperature to 47.19 °C by 2023. It was also found that due to cooling effects, there is a negative relationship between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and the Land Surface Temperature, whereas positive values exist concerning the other indices. These findings indicate the higher temperatures for built-up areas, barren land, and water-reduced bodies. Moreover, findings of various spectral indices revealed the significant temperature differences and changing land covers. In addition, the results of land cover changes showed how temperature variations are influenced by urbanization and health status. The findings of this study will be helpful for government and concerned policy makers in promoting sustainable land management practices to mitigate climate change and local environmental protection measures.